| ACROSS
1. The syllable naming the sixth (submediant) note of a major or minor scale in solmization.
4. A restraint that confines or restricts freedom (especially something used to tie down or restrain a prisoner).
12. The residue that remains when something is burned.
15. (Irish) Mother of the ancient Irish gods.
16. Mostly freshwater protozoa.
17. Aircraft landing in bad weather in which the pilot is talked down by ground control using precision approach radar.
18. Surface layer of ground containing a matt of grass and grass roots.
19. An offspring of a Quadroon and a White parent.
20. Thigh of a hog (usually smoked).
21. A mountain peak in the Andes in Bolivia (21,391 feet high).
23. A ductile gray metallic element of the lanthanide series.
24. The face or front of a building.
26. A ridge that forms a seam between two parts.
28. A pale rose-colored variety of the ruby spinel.
31. The Hebrew patriarch who saved himself and his family and the animals by building an ark in which they survived 40 days and 40 nights of rain.
33. Type genus of the family Arcidae.
37. A period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event.
41. A battle in 1800 in which the French under Napoleon Bonaparte won a great victory over the Austrians.
45. Of a yellow-green color similar to that of an unripe olive n 1.
46. The longer of the two telegraphic signals used in Morse code.
48. Functioning correctly and ready for action.
49. A river in north central Switzerland that runs northeast into the Rhine.
50. Alcoholic drink from fermented cider (`cider' and `cyder' are European (especially British) usage for the fermented beverage).
53. Unknown god.
54. A yellow trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group.
57. (archaic or Scottish) Faithful and true.
60. A republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia.
63. Aristocratic Italian family of powerful merchants and bankers who ruled Florence in the 15th century.
66. United States social reformer who proposed an old-age pension sponsored by the federal government.
70. A flat wing-shaped process or winglike part of an organism.
71. Continuing at full strength or intensity.
74. The cry made by sheep.
75. Strong liquor flavored with juniper berries.
76. (law) Deliberately or knowingly.
77. An oral poliovirus vaccine (containing live but weakened poliovirus) that is given to provide immunity to poliomyelitis.
78. A plant hormone promoting elongation of stems and roots.
79. A river in northeastern Brazil that flows generally northward to the Atlantic Ocean.
80. A negative.
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DOWN
1. A girl or young woman who is unmarried.
2. Small buffalo of the Celebes having small straight horns.
3. A pilgrimage to Mecca.
4. United States clockmaker who introduced mass production (1785-1859).
5. A summary that repeats the substance of a longer discussion.
6. Angular distance above the horizon (especially of a celestial object).
7. From 13 million to 25 million years ago.
8. (comparative of `much' used with mass nouns) Quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree.
9. The second larges of the four main islands of Japan.
10. The dried fibrous part of the fruit of a plant of the genus Luffa.
11. The capital and largest city of Yemen.
12. Title for a civil or military leader (especially in Turkey).
13. Any of a number of fishes of the family Carangidae.
14. Stable gear consisting of either of two curved supports that are attached to the collar of a draft horse and that hold the traces.
22. A constellation in the southern hemisphere near Telescopium and Norma.
25. A cigar made with light-colored tobacco.
27. Having undesirable or negative qualities.
29. Any of various plants of the genus Aralia.
30. Long-winged web-footed aquatic bird of the gull family.
32. Profane or obscene expression usually of surprise or anger.
34. Assign a new name to.
35. Melon having yellowish rind and whitish flesh.
36. Without moral standards or principles.
38. A soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal.
39. An open box attached to a long pole handle.
40. A group of countries in special alliance.
42. A member of the people inhabiting an area of northern Mongolia and eastern Siberia.
43. A student who studies excessively.
44. Title for a civil or military leader (especially in Turkey).
47. A loose sleeveless outer garment made from aba cloth.
51. United States composer (born in Italy) of operas (born in 1911).
52. By bad luck.
55. A white metallic element that burns with a brilliant light.
56. A Spanish female Gypsy.
58. A city in southern Turkey on the Seyhan River.
61. A person of unquestioning obedience.
62. Chief god of the Rig-Veda.
64. English essayist (1775-1834).
65. Point formed by two intersecting arcs (as from the intrados of a Gothic arch).
67. Very dark black.
68. Plant with an elongated head of broad stalked leaves resembling celery.
69. English chemist who was a pioneer in electrochemistry and who used it to isolate elements sodium and potassium and barium and boron and calcium and magnesium and chlorine (1778-1829).
72. Relating to or characteristic of or occurring in the air.
73. (in Scotland or Ireland) A mountain or tall hill.
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